Charged in Manitoba? Understand Your 24 Hours Before Bail Court.
Someone you love has been arrested, or you have — and the questions are coming fast. When is the bail hearing? Can the police hold you this long? Is this a summary or an indictable charge? Will you get out tonight? You do not have to sit in the dark guessing. Criminal law in Canada is federal — the same Criminal Code applies in every province and territory — but it is run through Manitoba's own courts and the Manitoba Prosecution Service, and the first 24 hours matter more than almost anything that follows. Our AI legal assistant, trained on the Criminal Code of Canada and Manitoba procedure, can walk you through exactly what happens next, in plain English. Free legal information — call our free line now and ask as many questions as you like.
Free legal information. Not legal advice. Available 24/7 across Manitoba.
Criminal Law in Manitoba — what to do right now
Do two things right now. First: say nothing to the police beyond identifying yourself. Under section 10(b) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms you have the right to retain and instruct counsel without delay and to be told of that right — ask to speak to a lawyer and stop talking until you have. If you are arrested or detained, tell the officer you want to speak to duty counsel, and they will arrange a free call. Second: count the clock. If you are held in custody, the police must bring you before a justice for a bail hearing without unreasonable delay, and within 24 hours if a justice is available (Criminal Code s.503). The Provincial Court of Manitoba runs in-custody bail courts, including on weekends and statutory holidays, so the hearing can happen on time. That first bail hearing is where your release is decided, so getting clear information before it happens is everything.
The law in Manitoba: Criminal Law
In Canada, criminal law is federal: the Criminal Code of Canada (RSC 1985, c. C-46), the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act and a handful of other federal statutes define the offences and the penalties, and they are identical whether you are in Winnipeg, Brandon, Thompson or anywhere else in the country. What is provincial is the machinery — Manitoba's courts, the Manitoba Prosecution Service (the Crown attorneys who prosecute most Criminal Code charges), and the Winnipeg Police Service, RCMP detachments and other services who investigate and lay the charges. So when people talk about "Manitoba criminal law," they mean the federal Criminal Code as it is applied in Manitoba's two levels of criminal court.Almost every adult criminal case starts in the Provincial Court of Manitoba. That court handles all summary conviction offences, the less serious indictable offences over which it has absolute jurisdiction, and the great majority of bail hearings and first appearances — and it sits without a jury, a judge alone. It also conducts preliminary inquiries for more serious indictable matters. The Court of King's Bench of Manitoba is the superior trial court: it can try any indictable offence, it is where you go if you elect trial by a judge and jury, and the most serious offences listed in Criminal Code s.469 (such as murder) must be tried there. For many indictable charges the accused gets to choose — judge of the Provincial Court, a King's Bench justice sitting alone, or a King's Bench justice and a jury — and that election, together with whether a preliminary inquiry is available, shapes the whole case. (Manitoba uses "King's Bench," the current name of the superior court, not "Queen's Bench.")
Manitoba has a distinctive feature most provinces do not: pre-charge screening. In Winnipeg, prosecutors have authorised charges before they are laid since the 1980s, and the province has more recently extended pre-charge screening to out-of-custody matters across Manitoba — so a Crown attorney often reviews the file, applies the prosecution test and considers diversion before a charge is ever formally laid. This puts Manitoba alongside British Columbia, Quebec and New Brunswick rather than the provinces where police lay charges first and the Crown screens afterwards. The single most consequential early decision is still usually the Crown's. A great many Criminal Code offences are "hybrid" (also called dual-procedure) — the same conduct can be prosecuted either by summary conviction or by indictment, and the Crown elects which. That choice drives the maximum penalty, your trial options and even the immigration stakes. Bill C-75, in force since 2019, reshaped this landscape: it converted many straight-indictable offences into hybrids and standardised the default maximum for most summary offences at two years less a day (Criminal Code s.787 still sets the general summary default at a $5,000 fine and/or up to two years less a day, but many offences now carry their own higher summary maximum).
Bail in Manitoba follows the "ladder principle" the Supreme Court set out in R. v. Antic and the Code's release framework (s.515): the default is release on the least onerous conditions, and detention has to be justified by the Crown on the primary (attendance), secondary (public safety) or tertiary (public confidence) grounds — except for "reverse onus" charges where the accused must show why they should be released. Delay matters too: under R. v. Jordan (2016) a case is presumptively too slow if it takes more than 18 months in the Provincial Court of Manitoba, or 30 months in the Court of King's Bench, from charge to the end of trial — and unreasonable delay can mean the charges are stayed. Understanding which of these gears is turning in your case is exactly what a free call can clarify — this is legal information to help you act, not legal advice, and it creates no lawyer-client relationship.
Key Legislation
- Criminal Code of Canada (RSC 1985, c. C-46) — FEDERAL: defines offences, penalties, bail and procedure uniformly across Canada
- Charter s.10(b) — right on arrest to retain and instruct counsel without delay, and to be told of that right
- Criminal Code s.503 — police must bring a detained person before a justice without unreasonable delay, within 24 hours if one is available
- Criminal Code s.515 — judicial interim release (bail): the ladder principle, release on least onerous conditions, reverse-onus exceptions
- Bill C-75 (in force 2019) — hybridised many offences and standardised most summary maximums at two years less a day
Courts & Agencies
- Provincial Court of Manitoba — summary offences, indictable offences within its absolute jurisdiction, most bail hearings, first appearances and preliminary inquiries; judge alone, no jury
- Court of King's Bench of Manitoba — any indictable offence, jury trials, and the s.469 offences (e.g. murder) that must be tried there
- Manitoba Prosecution Service (the Crown) — prosecutes most Criminal Code charges, screens charges before they are laid, and makes the hybrid election
- Parole Board of Canada — decides record suspensions (pardons) under the Criminal Records Act
- Supreme Court of Canada — source of the controlling rules on bail (R. v. Antic) and trial delay (R. v. Jordan)
Penalties & Deadlines
- Summary conviction default (s.787) — up to a $5,000 fine and/or two years less a day in jail, unless the offence sets a higher maximum
- Indictable offences — maximums vary widely: some 2, 5, 10 or 14 years, some carry life imprisonment
- Impaired driving / 'over 80' (s.320.14) — first offence: minimum $1,000 fine and a one-year driving prohibition; up to 10 years if prosecuted by indictment
- R. v. Jordan ceilings — 18 months (Provincial Court of Manitoba) / 30 months (Court of King's Bench) from charge to end of trial
- Record suspension waiting period (Criminal Records Act s.4) — 5 years after sentence completion for a summary offence, 10 years for an indictable one
An impaired-driving charge is now 'serious criminality' — and that can hit your immigration status
This is the trap most people never see coming. Since the December 2018 reforms, impaired driving and "over 80" carry a maximum of 10 years' imprisonment when the Crown proceeds by indictment (Criminal Code s.320.19). Under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA s.36), an offence with a maximum of 10 years or more is "serious criminality" — and inadmissibility turns on that maximum, not on the sentence you actually receive. So a permanent resident who pleads to a first-offence impaired charge and gets only the $1,000 minimum fine can still face the same immigration consequences as someone sent to jail, and "deemed rehabilitation" is not available. If you are not a citizen, the criminal and immigration sides of your case have to be handled together from the very first appearance — not after a plea. Get clear information before you decide anything.
Likely outcomes & penalties
Every case turns on the charge, the record and how the Crown elects — but here is the realistic range of where Manitoba criminal matters land, so the outcomes stop being a mystery.Mistakes to avoid
How it works
Free & low-cost Criminal Law help in Manitoba
If you cannot afford a private lawyer, Manitoba has a real safety net — legal aid, duty counsel and free public legal information. These are independent organisations, not Legal Hotline, but they are the right doors to know.
FAQ — Criminal Law in Manitoba
How long can the police hold me before I get a bail hearing in Manitoba?
If you are held in custody, the police must bring you before a justice without unreasonable delay, and within 24 hours if a justice is available (Criminal Code s.503). The Provincial Court of Manitoba runs in-custody bail courts, including on weekends and statutory holidays, so this can happen on time. Wherever possible the hearing is completed on your first appearance. To understand your specific timeline, get clear legal information before bail court.
Is my charge a summary or an indictable offence — and what is a hybrid offence?
Summary conviction offences are the less serious ones (default maximum under s.787: a $5,000 fine and/or up to two years less a day). Indictable offences are more serious, with higher maximums. Many Criminal Code offences are "hybrid," meaning the Crown chooses whether to proceed summarily or by indictment — and that choice changes your penalty and trial options. We can explain which category your charge falls into.
What happens at a bail hearing, and what does 'reverse onus' mean?
Under Criminal Code s.515 the starting point is release on the least onerous conditions (the "ladder principle" from R. v. Antic), and the Crown normally has to justify keeping you in custody on the primary, secondary or tertiary grounds. For certain "reverse onus" charges the burden flips and you must show why you should be released. Understanding which applies to you before the hearing matters.
Does Manitoba screen charges before they are laid, or after?
Manitoba uses pre-charge screening. In Winnipeg, Crown attorneys have authorised charges before they are laid since the 1980s, and the province has extended pre-charge screening to out-of-custody matters across Manitoba. That puts Manitoba alongside British Columbia, Quebec and New Brunswick, rather than the provinces where police lay the charge first and the Crown reviews it afterwards. In practice it means a prosecutor often reviews the file — and may consider diversion — before a charge is formally laid.
Which court will hear my case — Provincial Court or the Court of King's Bench?
Most adult criminal matters start and stay in the Provincial Court of Manitoba: all summary offences, many indictable offences, and the bulk of bail hearings and first appearances, before a judge alone. The Court of King's Bench of Manitoba is the superior trial court — it hears jury trials, any indictable offence on election, and the most serious offences under Criminal Code s.469 (such as murder) that must be tried there. For many indictable charges you choose the court and mode of trial.
I was charged with impaired driving or 'over 80' — what are the penalties?
Under Criminal Code s.320.14 a first offence carries a minimum $1,000 fine (more if your blood-alcohol level is higher) and a mandatory minimum one-year driving prohibition, plus a concurrent provincial licence suspension in Manitoba. If the Crown proceeds by indictment the maximum is up to 10 years. There is no "DUI" charge in Canada — these are impaired driving and "over 80" offences under the federal Criminal Code.
I'm not a Canadian citizen — can a criminal charge affect my immigration status?
It can, and it is a federal immigration question decided under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, not by the criminal court. Under IRPA s.36, an offence with a maximum of 10 years or more is "serious criminality," and inadmissibility turns on that maximum — not the sentence you actually get. So even a first-offence impaired charge with only a fine can threaten a permanent resident's status. The criminal and immigration sides need to be handled together.
How long does a criminal case take, and what is the Jordan rule?
Under R. v. Jordan (2016) a case is presumptively too slow if it takes more than 18 months in the Provincial Court of Manitoba, or 30 months in the Court of King's Bench, from the charge to the end of trial. Delay beyond those ceilings can lead to the charges being stayed, though defence-caused delay and exceptional circumstances are taken out of the count. Timing can genuinely affect the outcome.
My teenager was charged — how is youth court different?
Young people aged 12 to 17 are dealt with under the federal Youth Criminal Justice Act, which emphasises rehabilitation and reintegration, uses extrajudicial measures (like warnings and referrals) for less serious matters, protects the young person's privacy, and keeps youth records separate with their own access and destruction rules. The approach and the penalties are different from adult court.
Can I get my criminal record cleared in Canada?
Often, yes, through a record suspension (formerly a "pardon") from the Parole Board of Canada under the Criminal Records Act. You become eligible 5 years after completing your sentence for a summary offence, or 10 years for an indictable one, provided you have no new convictions. The application fee is modest and you can apply directly, without a lawyer or paid service.
Does this hotline give legal advice or get me a lawyer?
We give clear legal information — not legal advice — and any contact creates no lawyer-client relationship. Legal Hotline is not a law firm and not Legal Aid Manitoba. The AI assistant is trained on Canadian criminal law, and you can ask as many questions as you like. A paid consultation with a Manitoba-licensed criminal defence lawyer can be booked right on the call for callers who want one.
Manitoba criminal defence lawyers: join our network
Are you a Manitoba-licensed criminal defence lawyer? We're building our Manitoba network for our live paid-consultation service, connecting worried, urgent callers across Winnipeg, Brandon, Steinbach, Portage la Prairie, Thompson and the rest of the province with vetted local counsel — at the moment they are ready to retain. If you would like to receive matched client referrals for bail, summary and indictable matters, impaired driving, youth justice and record-relief questions, join our network and we will route consultations your way — the service is live now.
General legal information, not legal advice. We research every page from primary sources — legislation, the courts, and government legal-aid bodies — and check it for accuracy against current Canadian federal and provincial law. Spotted something out of date? Tell us at admin@platfirm.ai.
Sources & further reading
- Criminal Code of Canada (RSC 1985, c. C-46), s.503 (taking before a justice, 24-hour rule) — Justice Laws Canada
- Criminal Code, s.515 (judicial interim release / bail — the ladder principle) — Justice Laws Canada
- Criminal Code, s.320.14 (operation while impaired / 'over 80') — Justice Laws Canada
- Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, s.10(b) (right to retain and instruct counsel on arrest) — Justice Laws Canada
- Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (SC 2001, c. 27), s.36 (serious criminality) — Justice Laws Canada
- Manitoba Prosecution Service — The Criminal Case: Step-by-Step (Manitoba Justice)
- R. v. Antic, 2017 SCC 27 (bail ladder principle) — CanLII
- R. v. Jordan, 2016 SCC 27 (trial-delay ceilings) — CanLII
Clear answers for Manitoba when the clock is already running.
An arrest does not keep office hours. Whether the bail hearing is hours away, you need to know if this is a summary or an indictable charge, or you are a permanent resident worried about your status, you can get clear, plain-English legal information — free, with no web form and no income test — about your Manitoba criminal matter, grounded in the Criminal Code of Canada and how it is applied in Manitoba's courts. Call our free line now and ask as many questions as you like; the independent organisations listed above are also the right doors to know.
Free legal information. Not legal advice.