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Legal Hotline Canada Common-Law Separation

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Common-Law Separation

The most dangerous sentence in Canadian family law is "we're basically married." Whether a separating common-law partner shares property depends entirely on the province: BC treats 2-year partners like spouses, Ontario gives no automatic property split however long you cohabited, and Quebec gives de facto spouses no property regime at all. Support and parenting are far more even-handed. Call 1-855-529-1555 free, any hour, to find out what your province actually gives you.

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Common-law claims run on short clocks. In BC, a property or spousal support claim must generally be brought within 2 years of separation. In Ontario, unjust-enrichment and support claims have their own limitation rules. Whatever your province — date the separation, and get the deadlines mapped before you negotiate anything.

Common-Law Separation at a glance

Property — the big divide
BC: 2 years' cohabitation = spousal property sharing. Ontario: no automatic split — only trust claims. Quebec: no de facto property regime
Spousal support
Available to unmarried partners in every common-law province — Ontario after 3 years (or child + permanence), BC after 2
Children
Parenting and child support are identical regardless of marriage — best interests and the federal tables
The home
Married spouses get special matrimonial-home protections (like Ontario's possession rights); common-law partners generally don't — title controls
The fix
Cohabitation agreements settle property and support in advance — enforceable with disclosure and independent advice

Property: three countries inside one

British Columbia treats unmarried couples who have cohabited 2 years (or have a child together, for some purposes) as spouses under its Family Law Act: family property and family debt divide, generally equally, with excluded property (what each brought in, inheritances, gifts) staying out but its growth shared. Ontario's Family Law Act reserves its equalization regime for married spouses: a separating common-law partner owns what is in their name, and the partner who contributed to the other's assets must build a trust claim — unjust enrichment, joint family venture — proven on evidence of contributions, not just years. Quebec's Civil Code gives de facto spouses no property regime whatever the duration (the Supreme Court upheld this in the Eric v Lola litigation), leaving only ordinary co-ownership and unjust-enrichment principles.

The same facts — 15 years, one title, two contributions — produce a near-automatic half in Vancouver, a contested trust claim in Toronto, and a steep uphill argument in Montreal. Province decides. Talk it through with a lawyer now →

Support and children: the even-handed half

Spousal support ignores the marriage certificate once the threshold is met: 3 years' continuous cohabitation in Ontario (or a child plus a relationship of some permanence), 2 years in BC, with comparable rules across the provinces — then the ordinary entitlement analysis and SSAG ranges apply. Children never depended on the certificate at all: decision-making responsibility, parenting time and the federal child support tables run identically for unmarried parents, under provincial parenting statutes and the Guidelines. Talk it through with a lawyer now →

Protecting yourself — before and after

Before or during cohabitation, a cohabitation agreement — full financial disclosure, independent legal advice each — can define property and support and spare both of you the litigation lottery; in BC it can contract out of the default sharing, in Ontario it can create the sharing that would not otherwise exist. After separation: date the separation in writing, secure financial records (statements, contributions to the house, renovation payments), do not move out of a jointly-owned home without advice, and mind the clocks — BC's 2-year limitation above all. Estate rights are the quiet trap: in Ontario, a common-law partner inherits nothing automatically on intestacy — if you are unmarried, your will is not optional. Talk it through with a lawyer now →

Separating from a common-law partner, step by step

1
Fix the factsDate the separation, gather the financial history — titles, contributions, statements — and write down the cohabitation timeline. Everything downstream runs on these facts.
2
Learn your province's regimeBC-style sharing, Ontario-style trust claims, or Quebec's near-vacuum — plus support thresholds and the limitation clocks. This is a ten-minute free call.
3
Negotiate from the law, not the mythA separation agreement with disclosure and independent advice resolves most splits. Call 1-855-529-1555 free, any hour — a C$295 consultation with a Canadian family lawyer (the total, nothing added) is bookable on the call.

Common-Law Separation — your questions answered

After how many years is common-law "the same as married"?

For property: never in Ontario and Quebec, and after 2 years in BC — the question has a different answer in every province, which is exactly why the folklore is dangerous. For spousal support: commonly 2 to 3 years (or a child together). For parenting and child support: immediately — marriage is irrelevant. For inheritances, pensions, and taxes, different thresholds again. Ask the question per-right, per-province, not in general.

The house is in my partner's name but I paid for renovations. Am I entitled to anything?

Possibly — through different doors by province. In BC, if you hit the 2-year spousal threshold, the growth in the home during the relationship is presumptively shared regardless of title. In Ontario and the trust-claim provinces, your route is unjust enrichment: prove contributions (money, labour, running the household as a joint venture) that enriched the titled partner — receipts, transfers and records win these cases. In Quebec, unjust enrichment exists but the bar is real. Keep the evidence; it is the case.

Can my common-law partner take half my business?

In BC, the growth in the business during the relationship can be family property once the 2-year threshold is met — even if the business itself was pre-relationship excluded property. In Ontario and Quebec, only through a proven trust or unjust-enrichment claim tied to actual contributions. A cohabitation agreement is the clean answer for business owners in every province — cheaper than one month of the litigation it prevents.

Do I have any right to stay in the home after we separate?

Married spouses get statutory possession rights to the matrimonial home (Ontario's Part II FLA is the model); common-law partners generally do not — occupation follows title and lease, softened by family-violence protective orders and interim arrangements where children are involved. Practically: get advice before moving out of a home you co-own or heavily contributed to, and get safety orders where safety is the issue.

What happens if my common-law partner dies without a will?

In Ontario: on intestacy you inherit nothing automatically — the estate flows to blood relatives, and your remedy is a dependant's support claim with a short window. BC treats a 2-year partner as a spouse for intestacy. Quebec's intestacy gives de facto spouses nothing. Unmarried couples are the group with the least room for "we'll do wills later" — wills, beneficiary designations and powers of attorney are the whole safety net.

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Free legal information. Not legal advice.

Last updated 27 August 2026
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